CASE INDEX CFI-044-2026

1. CFI Claim Form – 28-Apr-2026
2. Particulars of claim12-May-2026
KEY EVENTS
1. The Contradictory Disclosure Assurances – 30 June 2025

The Defendants provided written assurances that all documents required for the Court’s April disclosure order had already been disclosed on 27 March 2025, that no further disclosure was needed, and that the Defence was actively being drafted.

2. The First Unauthorized Filing – 10 July 2025

The Defendants filed an Application Notice and a draft Amended Defence—complete with a signed Statement of Truth and their official firm seal without giving you a chance to review or consult on it first. Under DIFC Rules (RDC 22.22), a legal representative signing a Statement of Truth certifies that their client has authorized the document

3. The Irregular Witness Statement Admissions – 22 July 2025

The Defendants drafted Witness Statements for us to sign, which contained highly damaging admissions stating that you failed to produce standard documents due to a lack of legal knowledge when you were self-represented.

4. Defiance of Instructions and Repeated Filing – 28 July 2025 & 4 August 2025

The Defendants filed a “Further Amended of Defence” and resubmitted it again on August 4, once again entirely bypassing your review and acting in direct contravention of your explicit instructions.

5. The First Wasted Costs Order – 7 August 2025

The DIFC Court issued a Wasted Costs Order against you due to the “belated procedural irregularities and defective filings” submitted by your counsel. The Defendants failed to advise you on the financial and procedural implications of this adverse order.

6. The Core Breach: Discovery of AI-Fabricated Case Law – 28 August 2025

Following a court hearing, you reviewed the documents and discovered that the multiple Amended Defences filed by the Defendants contained fabricated citations to non-existent DIFC case law (generated via unverified AI use). You also discovered the Defendants had actively hidden their communications with the opposing party trying to cover up this misconduct.

7. Immediate Mitigation & Retainer Termination – 2 September 2025

After demanding an urgent explanation on August 28 and receiving no substantive remedy, you filed a formal declaration of non-responsibility and a Notice of Change of Legal Representative, immediately terminating the Defendants’ mandate.

8. The Judicial Strike-Out and Penalty – 4 September 2025

The DIFC Court issued a penal order striking out your Amended Defences due to AI misuse, mandating that any future proposed Defence be accompanied by a solicitor’s sworn Affidavit confirming AI was not utilized, and ordering you to pay the costs of the Strike-Out Application.

Core Breaches Timeline in (CFI-066-2024)
DateThe Event (The Breach)Your Core Argument for the Judge
30 Jun 2025Defendants provided written assurance that all documents were fully disclosed on 27 March 2025.Contradiction: This directly contradicts the damaging admissions they forced us to sign just three weeks later.
10 Jul 2025First draft Amended Defence filed with a signed Statement of Truth, without client reviewUnauthorized Filing: This breaches RDC 22.22; we never saw, reviewed, or authorized this submission.
22 Jul 2025Defendants drafted Witness Statements making us admit disclosure failures due to “lack of knowledge”.Wasted Time & Inconsistency: Why did they assure us of compliance on 30 June, waste weeks, and then make us admit failure?
28 Jul & 4 Aug 2025Resubmitted “Further Amendment of Defence” repeatedly without client review.Defiance of Instructions: A systematic, repeated refusal to allow us to review critical court documents prior to submission.
7 Aug 2025Court issued First Wasted Costs Order; Defendants failed to advise us of the financial risks.Failure to Advise: They ignored a massive judicial red flag and failed to take any remedial steps.
28 Aug 2025We discovered the pleadings contained fabricated, AI-generated DIFC case law.The Core Breach: They actively misrepresented the law to the Court and hid their cover-up attempts from us.
2 Sep 2025We formally terminated the Defendants’ mandate.Required Mitigation: We had to fire them immediately to stop them from causing further procedural and financial damage.
4 Sep 2025Court struck out the Defences entirely due to the AI misuse and ordered costs against us.Proximate Cause of Damages: This order proves our financial penalty (AED 343,953.75) was purely punishing the Counsel’s procedural misconduct.
FULL PARTICULARS OF CLAIM
1 Definitions and Interpretation

1.1 Any reference to the separate DIFC proceedings within the context of these Particulars of Claim under case number CFI-066-2024 is defined as the “CFI-066-2024 Proceedings.”
1.2 Alternative designations are utilized when referencing the parties’ specific capacities in the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings within Sections 3, 4, and 5 to ensure clarity and avoid ambiguity.
A – Reference to the Claimants herein within Sections 3, 4, and 5 is as follows: “CFI Defendants” refers collectively to the defendants in the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings, namely Mr. Salah Masri and Ms. Iuliia Valiullina.
B – Reference to the Defendants herein within Sections 3, 4, and 5 is as follows: “CFI Counsel” refers collectively to Ms. Harjeet Bhatia and Lutfi & Co. when it is necessary to refer to them in their former capacity as legal representatives.
C – Reference to the Claimants in the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings is as follows: “CFI Claimants” refers collectively to the claimants in those prior proceedings.
1.3 The aforementioned defined terms are utilized throughout the present proceedings to expressly distinguish between the parties presently and the parties in the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings.

2 Introduction

2.1 The Claimants entered into a legal representation agreement dated 7 October 2024 with the Defendants, relying upon their express representations, proposed defence strategies, and assurances regarding their competence and capacity to robustly defend the Claimants before the DIFC Courts. Annexure 1

2.2 Relying upon these professional assurances, the Claimants executed a formal legal representation agreement (the “Retainer Agreement”) with the Second Defendant, designating the First Defendant as the primary legal practitioner.


2.3 The express terms of the Retainer Agreement mandated the provision of comprehensive legal services, specifically encompassing the following duties: I. Case Review of all case files, evidence, and pleadings submitted by the opposing parties (the “CFI Claimants”) and Legal Assessment:
II. Legal Advisory, client consultations and strategic legal advice.
III. Procedural and court work, drafting and filing pleadings, explicitly including the Statement of Defence.
IV. Representation, acting as legal counsel on record for the Claimants before the DIFC Courts.
V. Communication, providing prompt and continuous case updates to the Claimants.

2.4 Pursuant to the Retainer Agreement, the Defendants assumed full representation of the Claimants. Consequently, the Defendants thereby owed a contractual, professional, and fiduciary duty to:

I. Acquire a comprehensive understanding of the factual and legal matrix of the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings prior to executing any procedural steps;
II. Competently advise the Claimants regarding their legal posture and potential liabilities; and
III. Ensure the substantive quality, factual accuracy, and procedural propriety of all pleadings submitted to the Court, while keeping the Claimants fully informed.

2.5 In consideration for these legal services, the parties agreed to a total fee of AED 110,000, Furthermore, the Claimants were liable for all standard expenses, disbursements, and third-party costs.
Annexure Court Fees – Annexure P

2.6 The Claimants promptly provided the Defendants with the necessary supporting documents and were prepared to supply any additional materials upon the Defendants’ request. They also explicitly informed the Defendants through electronic communication of a Court-issued schedule and the subsequent disclosure order in the CFI-066-2024 Proceedings.
Annexure 2 – Annexure Order-18-Apr-25

3 The First Cause Leading to Damage – Prior Proceedings Section.

3.1 On 5 and 15 June 2025, the CFI Defendants formally articulated written concerns regarding the CFI Counsel’s procedural deficiencies and non-performance with respect to the Court disclosure order of 18 April 2025.

3.2. In response, on 30 June 2025, the CFI Counsel provided written assurances that the documents requisite for compliance with the April disclosure order had already been disclosed by the CFI Defendants on 27 March 2025, that no further disclosure was required, and that the drafting of the Defence was actively underway. Annexure 3 – Annexure 4

3.3 Notwithstanding these representations, the CFI Counsel delayed filing the mandatory Notice of Change of Legal Representative with the DIFC Court until 30 June 2025 and 3 July 2025, respectively.

4 The Second Cause Leading to Damage – Prior Proceedings Section.

4.1 On 10 July 2025, the CFI Counsel filed an Application Notice seeking leave to amend the  Defence, including a drafted Amended Defence, verified by a  bearing the CFI Counsel’s official seal.


4.1 a ) This draft of Amended Defence was submitted before the Court without prior consultation or review by the CFI Defendants, acting in direct violation of standard legal practice.


4.1 b ) This pleading was accompanied by Supporting Documents which had been reproduced by the CFI Counsel.


4.2 On 18 July 2025, an Order of H.E. Justice Thomas Bathurst, following a hearing on 17 July, directed;


4.3 On 22 July 2025, the CFI Counsel drafted Witness Statements for the CFI Defendants, containing the following highly irregular admissions;

4.3 a) Mr. Masri’s witness statement stated that during the initial Case Management Conference (3 March 2025), he acted as a self-represented litigant for himself and the other defendants. He admits he failed to produce standard documents by the 21 April 2025 deadline due to a lack of legal knowledge. Para 4-7

4.3 b) Ms. Valiullina’s witness statement states she was not legally represented initially and relied entirely on Mr. Masri to represent her position. She acknowledges her procedural non compliance regarding document production deadlines, attributing it to a lack of understanding of DIFC Court rules. Para 1-6 Annexure July Wit.Stats

4.4 The Claimants were compelled to sign these Witness Statements to avoid further delay and in the expectation that the CFI Counsel would effectively manage the proceedings before the Court.

4.4 a ) These admissions drafted by the CFI Counsel within the CFI Defendants’ Witness Statements stood in direct contradiction to the written assurances of full compliance regarding the Document Production order of 18 April.

4.4 b) Between 5 June and 22 July 2025, a considerable time was wasted wherein the CFI Counsel could have prepared or advised the CFI Defendants to produce further or better Supporting Documents to meet the Court’s directions.

4.5 On 28 July 2025, the CFI Counsel filed a ” Further Amendment of Defence” on behalf of the CFI Defendants alongside the reproduced Supporting Documents, once again without providing drafts of the Defence to the CFI Defendants for review, acting in direct contravention of the CFI Defendants’ explicit instructions. Annexure 5 Including list of misleading citations

4.5 a ) On 4 August 2025, the CFI Counsel resubmitted a “Further Amendment of Defence”  dated 26 July 2025, thereby once again depriving the CFI Defendants of any opportunity to  review the drafts of the Defence prior to filing. No justification was provided for this omission.  

4.6 On 7 August 2025, as a direct consequence of the CFI Counsel’s belated procedural  irregularities and defective filings, the Court issued a Wasted Costs Order against the CFI  Defendants, stipulating: “The CFI Defendants shall each pay the CFI Claimants their respective  wasted costs arising with procedural steps taken and applications filed pertaining to such  amendments.” The Court further ordered the CFI Defendants to file and serve an affidavit  regarding deficiencies in document disclosure by 11 August 2025. Annexure-First-Cost-Order-7-Aug-2025

4.6 a ) The CFI Counsel failed to advise the CFI Defendants regarding the financial and procedural implications of this adverse Costs Order, nor did they provide any legal or factual  justification for the procedural complications they had precipitated. Annexure 6 Including list of misleading citations

4.6 b ) Further, on 11 August 2025, the CFI Counsel reproduced and filed a new volume of  Supporting Documents accompanied by an Affidavit signed by the CFI Defendants.  

4.6 c) And again, on 12 August 2025, as per the DIFC Court Portal, a further submission of  Defence dated 27 July 2025 was recorded.  

4.7 On 28 August 2025, a Skeleton Argument was drafted and filed by the CFI Counsel on  behalf of the CFI Defendants, asserting that;  

4.7 a) The CFI Counsel stated that a duplicate application to amend the Defence was generated  by a court system error. They asked the Court to disregard it; and  

I. “The Defendants acknowledge the wasted costs order made against each of them in respect  of the amendments,”  

II. “The Defendants therefore seek directions that such costs be paid by way of staged  payments”.

4.8 Following a hearing on 28 August 2025, the CFI Defendants reviewed the opposing parties’  Skeleton Argument and supporting documents and discovered severe substantive defects in the  Defences drafted by the CFI Counsel. They realized that;  

4.8 a ) The multiple Amended Defences filed contained fabricated citations to non-existent DIFC  case law, evidently generated through the unverified use of Artificial Intelligence or otherwise  through unverified legal research; and  

4.8 b ) The CFI Counsel failed to disclose to the CFI Defendants their communications with the  opposing parties attempting to justify this misconduct. Annexure 7

4.9 The CFI Defendants immediately initiated documented written correspondence demanding  an urgent explanation regarding the defective filings. They explicitly sought an assessment of  the foreseeable prejudice to the CFI Defendants and requested immediate, practical remedial  steps to mitigate the procedural damage. Annexure 8

4.9 a ) In response to these demands, the CFI Counsel failed to provide any timely or substantive remedy and merely requested to schedule a meeting at a later date, which they subsequently sought to postpone.


4.9 b ) Given the exigency of the procedural posture and the imminent risk of compounding prejudice, the CFI Defendants were compelled to mitigate their losses by filing a formal declaration of non-responsibility and a Notice of Change of Legal Representative on 2
September 2025, terminating the CFI Counsel’s mandate.


4.10 Two days later, on 4 September 2025, the DIFC Court issued a further penal order directly addressing the CFI Defendants’ defective filings, ruling that:

  • The Amended Defences filed by the Defendants be Struck Out.
  • Any Subsequent proposed defence must be filed in draft and subject to Court Approval.
  • Any future Amended Defence must be accompanied by an instructing solicitor’s sworn Affidavit confirming that Artificial Intelligence was not utilized.  
  • The CFI Defendants shall pay the Claimants’ costs of the Strike Out Application. Annexure Strike-Out-Order-4-Sep-2025
5 Mitigation Efforts Undertaken by the CFI Defendants

The CFI Claimants submitted their Statement of Wasted Costs incurred as a direct result of  the conduct and filings executed by the CFI Counsel, totaling AED 735,845.42.

5.2 This Statement of Costs was followed by a formal objection from the CFI Defendants (acting  as litigants in person), requesting a judicial assessment of the total costs claimed to mitigate the  financial exposure caused by the CFI Counsel.  

5.3 On 24 March 2026, the DIFC Court ordered the CFI Defendants to pay the CFI Claimants AED 343,953.75, stating: “IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT The First, Second and Third  Defendants pay the costs ordered by the Court in the Order of 7 August 2025 and the 4  September Order assessed in an amount of AED 343,953.75.”

5.4 This adverse costs order is the direct and proximate result of the professional misconduct of the CFI Counsel. It is entirely unrelated to the substantive merits of the underlying CFI-066-2024  Proceedings, but is rather a punitive measure directed at the procedural failures executed by the CFI Counsel on the CFI Defendants’ behalf.

6 Events Subsequent to the Court’s Costs Order

6.1 Following the issuance of the Wasted Costs Order, the Claimants formally notified the  Defendants’ office of this adverse costs liability. The Defendants failed to provide any  substantive response.  Annexure Strike-Out-Order-4-Sep-2025

6.2 Consequently, a DIFC notarised legal notice dated 1 April 2026 (the “Legal Notice”) was  served electronically and via courier upon both Defendants. The Legal Notice apprised the  Defendants of the intended litigation and sought pre-action restitution for losses sustained as a  direct consequence of their breach of contract and professional negligence.

6.3 In electronic correspondence dated 3 April 2026, the First Defendant provided a response  averring that the Claimants’ decision to terminate the retainer precipitated the incurred losses by  precluding the filing of further defence materials, stating that the “contents of the Claimants’  email appear to be lacking any legal basis.  

6.4 On 24 April 2026, the Second Defendant issued a formal reply to the Legal Notice, rejecting  liability entirely. The Defendants argued that the procedural detriment was attributable to the  Claimants having conducted the proceedings in person prior to instructing them, thereby  handing them a ” procedurally  compromised” case.  

6.5 The Defendants further contended that the CFI Claimants’ refusal to consent to a corrected  filing, coupled with the abrupt termination of the retainer, denied the Firm the opportunity to  respond to the strike-out application and mitigate the costs impact. Finally, they highlighted that  the Wasted Costs Orders were made against the Claimants personally.

6.6 The Claimants submit that these pre-action responses fundamentally fail to exculpate the  Defendants, nor do they add any valid legal or factual justification for the primary breach of the  unauthorized drafting and filing of misleading references and AI-generated pleadings containing  fabricated citations.

6.6 a) The present claim is confined to the specific pleadings and conduct that led to the  damages, and the Defendants may rely upon any further materials from the CFI-066-2024  Proceedings if they contend that such materials answer the claim.

6.7 The attempt to shift blame to the Claimants’ prior status as litigants in person does not  excuse or justify the Defendants’ subsequent and independent introduction of fabricated case  law into formal Court pleadings.

6.8 Furthermore, the fact that the adverse Wasted Costs were ordered against the Claimants  personally is precisely the foundation of the present claim, as those personal financial penalties  were the direct, proximate result of the Defendants’ professional negligence and defective filings.  

6.9 A Claim Form P7 was served electronically and via courier upon both Defendants, The  Defendants intend to defend this claim Annexure 9   

7 Particulars and specification of Breach

7.1 The Claimants specifically identify the Drafted Defences documents repeatedly filed by the  Defendants as the primary source of the breach. The Claimants restrict these particulars to the  primary offending documents to maintain conciseness, rather than listing the entirety of all  repeated submissions made by the Defendants.  

7.2 The inclusion of fabricated references to non-existent court cases and/or erroneously cited  court cases constitutes misconduct and gross negligence, directly resulting in the financial  damage sustained.

7.3 First Cause, the defective filings encompass:  (a) The submission entitled ” Amendment  (b) The further submission entitled ” to  Further  the  Statement  Amendment  of  to  Defense”.  the  Statement  of  Defense”.  The aforementioned are the documents that contained materially misleading information,  including extensive references to non-existent DIFC Court cases.

7.4 Second Cause, include;  I. The erroneous assurances provided by the Defendants during June 2025 that all the  documents ordered for disclosure had already been disclosed by the CFI Defendants;  II. The procedurally defective manner of submitting supporting documents; and  III. The Defendants’ complete failure to manage the initial Wasted Costs Order when time  permitted remedial action.

8 Breach and Negligence

8.1 The Claimants were repeatedly deprived of the opportunity to review the drafted Defences  prior to their filing and were forced to independently retrieve the submitted formal Defences from  the DIFC Court portal only after the same had been reviewed by the Court.  

8.2 Consequently, the Claimants bear no responsibility for the drafting of the Defences, nor did  they consent to or authorize such drafting practices.  

8.3 The Claimants cannot be held liable for the Defendants’ initial failure to scrutinize the list of  documents ordered for disclosure, particularly after the Defendants falsely advised the Claimants  that all requested documents had been disclosed. 

8.4. Had the Defendants acted competently, the initial defence would have been accurately  drafted, thereby precluding the necessity for the subsequent cascade of repeated amendments,  procedural disorder, and the ensuing Wasted Costs Orders.  

8.5 Furthermore, the submission of unverified pleadings, whether AI-generated or otherwise,  containing fabricated case law violates Part 22 of the Rules of the DIFC Courts (RDC), which  strictly governs Statements of Truth. Specifically, pursuant to RDC 22.22, a legal representative’s  signature on a Statement of Truth operates as a formal statement that the client has authorized  the document and believes its contents to be true.  

8.5 a) The Defendants’ signature on documents containing false legal citations without the  Claimants’ prior review or authorization constitutes a severe procedural breach and a  misrepresentation to the Court. 

8.6 The facts pleaded in paragraphs 8.1 to 8.5 evidence a sustained course of professional negligence, contractual breach, and constitute the sole proximate cause of the procedural detriment and adverse costs consequences imposed upon the Claimants.

9 List of Relevant Filing in CFI-066-2024.

8.1 The Claimants were repeatedly deprived of the opportunity to review the drafted Defences  prior to their filing and were forced to independently retrieve the submitted formal Defences from  the DIFC Court portal only after the same had been reviewed by the Court.  

10 Breaches of the DIFC Mandatory Code of Conduct

8.1 The Claimants were repeatedly deprived of the opportunity to review the drafted Defences  prior to their filing and were forced to independently retrieve the submitted formal Defences from  the DIFC Court portal only after the same had been reviewed by the Court.  

11 Statutory and Regulatory Framework

11.1 The Claimants rely upon the following DIFC laws, RDC provisions and rules as supporting  the causes of action pleaded below. These provisions are relied upon both as direct procedural standards and as evidence of the standard of competence, care, diligence and candours  reasonably expected from DIFC Court practitioners.

A. DIFC Contract Law No. 6 of 2004


11.2 The Retainer Agreement was a contract for the provision of legal services. The Claimants rely upon the Contract Law, including:
(a) Article 57, good faith and fair dealing in contractual performance;
(b) Article 77, as non-performance includes failure to perform contractual obligations, including defective or late performance;
(c) Article 109, the aggrieved party a right to damages;
(d) Article 110, as the aggrieved party is entitled to full compensation for harm sustained as a result of non-performance;
(e) Article 113, as recoverable harm is harm which was foreseen or could reasonably have been foreseen as likely to result from non-performance; and
(f) Articles 117 to 119, insofar as they concern mitigation and interest.

B. DIFC Law of Obligations No. 5 of 2005


11.3 The Claimants rely upon the Law of Obligations, including:
(a) Article 17, which provides the elements of negligence, namely duty, breach, causation and loss;

(b) Article 18, which concerns the existence of a duty of care, including foreseeability, proximity, and whether it is fair, just and reasonable for the duty to exist;
(c) Article 20, as the claim includes pure economic loss suffered as a consequence of professional negligence; and
(d) Article 21, as it concerns the standard of care expected from a person acting in a professional capacity.

C. DIFC Law of Damages and Remedies No. 7 of 2005


11.4 The Claimants rely upon the Law of Damages and Remedies insofar as it supports the recovery of damages for breach of contract and/or breach of obligations, including full compensation, foreseeability, mitigation, interest, and the recovery of reasonably incurred
expenses caused by the breach.

11.5 Rules of the DIFC Courts (RDC)  

(a) RDC Part 1.6 (2,3) (The Overriding Objective): Mandating the efficient, economical, and fair resolution of disputes.  

(b) RDC Part 22 (Statements of Truth): Specifically RDC 22.22, which dictates that a legal  representative signing a Statement of Truth asserts that they are authorized by their client to do so and that the client believes the pleaded facts to be true.  

11.6 DIFC Courts’ Order No. 2 of 2025  The Mandatory Code of Conduct for Legal Practitioners, which enforces strict ethical and  professional standards, as particularized in Section 10.

12 Jurisdiction

12.1 This Honourable Court has jurisdiction over the present claim as the dispute arises out of legal services provided in connection with proceedings before the DIFC Courts. The Defendants acted as registered legal practitioners before the DIFC Courts, and the pleaded wrongdoing occurred in the conduct of litigation within the DIFC.

12.2 Further and/or alternatively, the claim arises from a contract for legal services and tortious acts occurring within the DIFC.

13 Causes of Action

13.1 The Claimants rely upon the facts pleaded as constituting the following distinct causes of  action:  

A .  Breach  of  Contract

13.2 The Defendants fundamentally breached the express and implied terms of the Retainer  Agreement, failed to perform their contractual obligations to advise the Claimants, and allow the  Claimants to verify drafted Defences prior to submission; and

I. submitting pleadings containing fabricated or unverified legal citations;  

II. failing to correct defective filings promptly;  

III. failing to take effective remedial steps after the first wasted costs order; and  

IV. causing the Claimants to incur foreseeable adverse costs, corrective costs, court fees and  other loss.

C .  Breach of  the Rules

13.4 The Defendants’ conduct violated RDC Part 1.6 (The Overriding Objective) by unnecessarily prolonging proceedings and wasting Court resources. Furthermore, the Defendants violated RDC Part 22 by appending Statements of Truth to documents containing
fabricated and unverified legal assertions.

D .  Breach  of  the  Mandatory  Code  of  Conduct  

13.5 The Defendants breached multiple provisions of the Code, as fully particularised in Section  10 herein.  

14 The DIFC Court Costs Order in CFI-066-2024

14.1 As clearly stated, this order was executed as a direct, foreseeable, and proximate consequence of the Defendants’ professional negligence and defective filings, and therefore constitutes recoverable loss.

19 Prayer for Relief

19.1 The Claimants respectfully request this Honourable Court to grant the following reliefs:  

• Damages in the amount of AED 343,953.75, representing strict compensation in respect of the  Wasted Costs Order dated 24 March 2026.  

• Restitution of the fees paid for the legal representation provided by the Defendants, totaling  AED 75,000.  

• Restitution of the court fees and related disbursements wasted in respect of the defective  filings, including wasted costs incurred with the struck-out Counterclaim, totaling AED 48,000.  

• Compensation for the additional costs incurred in correcting, replacing, or responding to the  defective submissions, totaling AED 45,000.  

• Reimbursement of all costs incurred in bringing the present proceedings.  

• interest pursuant to applicable DIFC law and/or at such rate and for such period as the Court  considers just.  

• Any further or other relief the Court deems just and equitable.

Supporting Documents Overview
Annexure 1. – Part 1Date: October 02, 2024The Primary Retainer AgreementContent: This is the core Engagement Letter between Lutfi & Co. and (Salah Masri)
Scope in short : It outlines the legal duties Such as case review, risk assessments, and drafting/filing the Statement of Defence against a claim filed by Klesta Eshja.It specifies Ms. Harjeet Bhatia as Senior Counsel.
Annexure 1.Part 2 Date: July 25, 2025The Advocacy Extensions for Court HearingsThis consists of three individual, specific follow-up letters addressed to you, Iuliia Valiullina, and your company (Hair Crafters Company Ltd).
Scope in short : It explicitly states the name of (Part II Registered Practitioner )and that his role is strictly limited to the attend hearings based on instructions from Ms. Harjeet Kaur, and that he bears no responsibility for the preparation or filing of the underlying court documents.
Annexure 2Date: 18 March 2025An email exchange between The First Claimant and his legal counsel, Lutfi & Co.The First Claimant provided his lawyers with 20 attached case documents. Crucially, he explicitly informed them that he had already filed 13 of these specific documents with the court and opposing counsel, as ordered by the judge on 3 March 2025.
Annexure 3Date: 15 June 2025The First Claimant expresses deep concern n over the law firm’s failure to prepare the required defense or notify the court of their representation, three months after signing the Power of Attorney. demanding a logical explanation and submission of the documents or he will terminate the contract and seek a refund.
Annexure 4Date: 30, June 2025 is a response to “serious concern”An email from Karina Manaf (Lutfi & Co.) to The First Claimant, regarding missed deadlines, the law firm explicitly assures him that all necessary documents ordered by the Court on April 18 had already been submitted by Mr. Masri himself on March 27.The email provides a detailed list of these documents and outlines a multi-step plan to file the Statement of Defense (either by consent order or application notice) before the July 17 hearing.
Annexure 5 – Date Produced: 1 May 2026

A primary evidence of the professional negligence claim, containing the actual defective pleadings filed by the Defendants (Lutfi & Co.) in the prior case (CFI-066-2024).
the annexure includes a direct analysis table highlighting all the fabricated, non-existent DIFC case laws (such as fake Brookfield Multiplex and Al Tamimi citations) and wrong case numbers embedded throughout the text by the Defendants.Core Content:

The Pleadings: Copies of the Amended Statement of Defense (9 July 2025), Further Amendment – Salah Masri (26 July 2025), and Further Amendment – Luliia Valiullina (27 July 2025).

Annexure 6 – Date Produced: 12 May 2026

A further evidence of the Defendants’ procedural misconduct and negligence, It proves that the Defendants re-submitted the defective, AI-generated pleadings even after the initial Wasted Costs Order was issued.
Evidence of Persistent AI Hallucinations: Crucially, the document includes an analysis table demonstrating that these August re-submissions still contained the exact same fabricated, non-existent DIFC case law (e.g., the fake Brookfield Multiplex and Al Tamimi citations) as the July filings.Core Content:
contains copies of the “of defense” originally dated July 26/27, but re-submitted on 4 August 2025 and officially filed by the Court on 5 August 2025 (Defence with Counterclaim for Salah Masri) and 4 August 2025 (Defence without counterclaim for Luliia Valiullina).
Annexure 7 – Date 14 August 2025, An email exchange between the CFI Claimant’s Counsel and the Defendants via (Karina Manaf at Lutfi & Co.) in the underlying case CFI-066-2024The Problem: The Claimant’s Counsel wrote to Lutfi & Co. stating they were unable to locate ten specific DIFC case law citations relied upon by Lutfi & Co. in the Amended Statements of Defense. They requested copies of these authorities to prepare their response.The Admission & Cover-Up Attempt: In response, Lutfi & Co. (Karina Manaf) provided five links to seemingly related but different cases and admitted that their pleadings contained “clerical citation errors” regarding the case names and neutral citations. They asked the Claimant’s Counsel for consent to file a corrected version of the Defences to fix these “clerical” errors.
Annexure-First-Cost-Order-7-Aug-2025.A formal Order issued by H.E. Justice Thomas Bathurst in the DIFC Court, Wasted Costs Penalty: Crucially, that (Salah Masri), as well as the Second and Third Defendants, to pay the Claimants’ “wasted costs” arising from these amendments
Annexure 8 – Date 29 August 2025. An email from The First Claimant to his legal counsel, Karina Manaf and Harjeet Bhatia at Lutfi & Co.Core Content: Mr. Masri demands an urgent explanation after reviewing the claimant’s submissions and discovering that his own lawyers had filed AI-generated pleadings containing fake court cases and that they had secretly admitted this error to the opposing counsel while asking for time to correct it.
Annexure 10 – Date 9 September 2025. A formal “Statement of Costs” submitted to the DIFC Courts in the underlying case (CFI-066-2024).The statement calculates the extensive hours spent by the opposing legal team manually checking the fabricated case laws and responding to the defective filings, resulting in a demanded Grand Total of AED 735,845.42 in wasted costs and disbursements.
Annexure 11 – Date 3 April 2026 (initial email response) and 24 April 2026 (formal legal reply)The Defendants’ formal pre-action response rejecting your claims and denying all liability.Core Arguments Made by the Defendants:

Pre-existing Disadvantage: They argue that because you represented yourself for nine months before hiring them, you handed them a “procedurally compromised” case, and their filings were merely attempts to progress it.

Downplaying the Fabricated Citations: They claim the fake case laws were simply “clerical citation errors” that did not change the substance of the case. They blame the opposing counsel for refusing their request to silently correct the errors and instead pursuing the strike-out application.

Blaming You for the Financial Penalty: They argue that by abruptly terminating their representation on 2 September 2025, you denied them the opportunity to defend against the strike-out application or mitigate the financial impact. Consequently, they argue you assumed full responsibility for the Wasted Costs Order, noting that the Court ordered the costs against you personally, not the law firm.
Annexure-Strike-Out-Order-4-Sep-2025, the definitive judicial proofA formal Order issued by H.E. Justice Thomas Bathurst in the DIFC Court, This order follows a Case Management Conference held on 28 August 2025, addressing the Claimants’ application to strike out the Defendants’ amended pleadings due to the use of fabricated AI citations.The Strike Out: The Judge granted the Strike Out Application, officially striking out the Amended Defences filed by the First, Second, and Third Defendants (which were prepared by Lutfi & Co.).

AI Affidavit Requirement: The Defendants were granted leave to re-plead in draft form, but any new Defence must be accompanied by a sworn Affidavit from their instructing solicitor confirming either that AI was not used, or if it was, identifying where and confirming the accuracy was verified.

Financial Penalty: Crucially, the Court ordered that the First, Second, and Third Defendants must pay the Claimants’ costs for the Strike Out Application.
Annexure Court Fees, from 13 February 2025 to 24 September 2025A collection of official DIFC Courts financial invoices and payment receipts.Content: The file serves as financial proof of the specific court fees and disbursements paid by you (Salah Masri) and your former counsel (Lutfi & Co.) during case CFI-066-2024.
Annexure-Order-24-Mar-2026, the ultimate proofAn “Order with Reasons” issued by H.E. Justice Thomas Bathurst in the DIFC Court, This order represents the final judicial assessment of the financial damages (wasted costs) resulting from the earlier orders on 7 August and 4 September 2025, which penalized the Defendants for the defective, AI-generated pleadings filed by their counsel.Key Directives & Assessment:
The Judge reviewed the opposing Claimants’ staggering demand of AED 735,845.42 and agreed with you (the First Defendant) that this amount was inordinately high and improperly included general litigation costs rather than just the costs associated with the strike-out of the fabricated pleadings.
Applying the principle of proportionality, the Judge drastically reduced the opposing party’s claimed hours for partner and trainee time.
Final Penalty: The Court finalized the Wasted Costs Order, formally directing you (the First, Second, and Third Defendants) to pay an assessed total of AED 343,953.75 to the opposing Claimants.
Annexure P Spans from December 2024 to August 2025A compilation of financial records, invoices, bank statements, and payment receipts, This document serves as concrete proof of the financial damages and legal fees paid.Law Firm Billing: Lutfi & Co.’s bank details, proforma invoices, and a Statement of Account addressed to Salah Masri, tracking the total agreed retainer of AED 115,500 (incl. VAT) and acknowledging partial payments received.
Proof of Transfers: Multiple mobile banking receipts and official ADCB bank statements for The Hair Crafters Company LLC. These corroborate numerous instalment payments made directly to Lutfi & Co. between April and August 2025 (e.g., transfers of AED 10,000, AED 5,000, AED 6,000, etc.).
Court Fees: A DIFC Courts payment receipt for USD 1,901.97 (AED 6,985.00) dated 5 August 2025, specifically for filing the “Defence with counterclaim”.
July Wit Stats Date: 22 July 2025formal Witness Statements, to support their application to amend their original Statements of Defense after retaining Lutfi & Co. as legal counsel Key Admissions:

Both defendants formally admit to missing the Court’s 21 April 2025 document production deadline, explaining that this procedural failure occurred because they were self-represented and lacked knowledge of DIFC Court rules at the time.
They both state that they have now engaged Lutfi & Co. to regularize the record and properly structure their defenses.
Supporting Documents – View Files
ANNEXURE 1

ANNEXURE 2

ANNEXURE 3

ANNEXURE 4

ANNEXURE 5

ANNEXURE 6

ANNEXURE 7

Annexure Court Fees

ANNEXURE 8

ANNEXURE 9

ANNEXURE 10

ANNEXURE 11

ANNEXURE P

Annexure-Strike-Out-Order-4-Sep-2025

Annexure-Order-24-Mar-2026

JULY WIT.STATS

ANNEXURE-FIRST-COST-ORDER-7-AUG-2025

3. Defence of a Claim – First Defendant – 1-June-2026
4. Defence of a Claim – Second Defendant – 1-June-2026
5. Reply to Defence8 -June-2026
6. CMC16 -June-2026